Technologies for regenerating post-consumer cellulose-based textiles are heralded as one of the solutions in achieving a circular economy for textiles. These chemical recycling processes are often focused on the like-for-like replacement of environmentally impactful textile fibres with waste-derived man-made cellulosic fibres. Regenerated cellulose materials that are not suitable for the fibre process remain unconsidered in the commercial drive to up-scale circular chemical recycling technologies. Within this technological landscape connected to bio-derived cellulose-based textiles, there are synthetic binders that are conventionally used in textile finishing techniques such as printing. However, these form a barrier to a material’s circularity. This research shows how regenerated cellulose, obtained from post-consumer textiles waste, was introduced for the first time as a print binder in textile screen printing. The innovation resulted from applying a material-driven textile design (MDTD) methodology for new circular design practices in materials science. The resulting properties were qualitatively and quantitatively compared to three types of petroleum-based textile processes that hinder a cellulose-based textile material’s circularity: puff binder, plastisol, and thermoforming. The results demonstrated a significant reduction in temperature for textile finishing, as well as novel mono-material cellulose-based processes for fabric manipulation, textile print, and textile shape. The conclusions discuss the potential of these processes to benefit an increase in future circularity for finished regenerated cellulose-based textiles.